1981.   A generic reclassification of the New World Clytrinae. Ent. Arb. Mus. Frey 29: 87-116. (Moldenke AR).

ABSTRACT: A short comparative morphological study and dendrogram of the supra-specific New World taxa is presented. The monogeneric Ischiopachini is retained and the monogeneric Arateini tribus nov.erected. The genera Coscinoptera and Euryscopa are redefined and segregate genera Coleothorpa and Coleorozena gen. nov. erected.Euryscopa is further split into the subgenera: Coleomonrosa,Coleoneffa, and Coleoguerina subgen. nov. New species: Euryscopasimpsomae (Venezuela); E. snellingi (Peru), E. rozeni (Peru); E.bellorum (Peru) and Coscinoptera wilcoxi (Brazil). Two new subgenera are described for Megalostomis: Snellingia and Coleobyersa.Megalostomis generosa Baly, 1877, and M. mariae Monros, 1951, are removed from synonymy and considered valid taxa; M. affinis is herein reduced to a subspecies of M. splendida. Additional new species: Megalostomis hespenheidi (Costa Rica); Proctophana eickwortorum (Brazil); P. dalyi (Bolivia); P. leechi (Brazil); P. labergei (Peru); Temnodachrys neffi (Argentina); Stereoma seenoi (Bolivia); S. murei Brazil); Paraurodera similis (Brazil, Argentina, Uruguay); Urodera monrosi (Paraguay); U. neffi (Argentina), and U. cryptocephaloides (Bolivia). The following new subgenera are proposed: Saxinis (Boreosaxinis); Babia (Archaebabia); B. (Coleolacordairei); B (Megababia); Urodera (Austrurodera); U. (Boreurodera); U. (Familiurodera); and U. (Stereomoides). The following species are transferred from Stereoma to U. (Stereomoides): U. tetraspilota, U. robusta, U. cognata, U. consimilis, U. marginella, U. libertina, U. amicta, U. lunaris (all Lacordaire, 1848, taxa), U. elegans, U. humeralis and U. multipunctata (all three Guerin descriptions). Urodera cryptocephala Monros is transferred to the genus Babia. Thegenus Paraurodera (with new subgenus Torourodera) is recognized and the species U. hamatifera Lacordaire, 1948; U. fallax Harold, 1875; U. inornata, U. fallaciosa, U. duplicata, and U. hamatifera densepunctata all Monros, 1953) transferred from the genus Urodera. Heterobabia Monros, 1951, is herein regarded as a subgenus of Babia. A key to a supra-specific taxa in the New World is presented.

1971.   A revision of the Clytrinae (Chrysomelidae) of North America north of the Isthmus of Panama. (Moldenke AR). 355 pp.

ABSTRACT: A subfamilial revision of all taxa known to occur north of the Panamanian isthmus. 216 specific and subspecific taxa are treated; with 52 new synonymies; and 54 new species and subspecies, one new subgenus Megalostomis (Pygidiocarina), one new genus Saxinodachrys; and 41 new combinations. All taxa are fully described, distributions mapped and black-and-white illustrated.

1971.   Host-plant relationships of phytophagous Mexican Chrysomelidae (Coleoptera).  Pan-Pacific Entomologist 47: 106-116. (Moldenke AR).

     The clytrinae belong to a very precisely delimited group of the Chrysomeloidea including the Lamprosomatinae, the Chlamisinae, the Cryptocephalinae and the Clytrinae. This group is known as the Camptosomata. All of these subfamilies share the characteristics of laying fecally enclosed eggs which upon ecdysis become peculiarly shaped larvae (standing on their heads essentially, with no pigment or sclerotinization save for the cicindeloid head capsule and pronotum and markedly trimorphic legs) which then usually utilize the egg-encasement as their first mobile larval home. During the course of larval development, the larva adds to this structure small dead or inorganic elements from the environment or fecal matter, often cemented with salivary secretions. The egg-case per se may or may not remain attached until pupation. On pupation the larval superstructure is cemented to the substrate along the borders of the larval access hole. The larva reverses its position and pupates with its head facing the original portion of the larval case. After final ecdysis and sclerotinization the adult emerges through a neat hole cut in the apex (egg-case end) of the larval case. A very interesting account of the biology of Clythra quadripunctata has been assembled by Pierre Jolivet (1952, Bull. Inst. Roy. Sci. Nat. Belgique 28: (8): 1-12), which I strongly recommend.

     The life histories of the group are nearly unknown. The larva of some species of Anomoea are known to eat detritus and humus unassociated with ants. Those of some Old World Clytrini are known to inhabit the nests of ants (especially Formica) and to feed either on the detritus or ants therein. Some species of the Babiini and Megalostomini are known to be myrmecophiles (in the nests of Formica, Camponotus, Atta, etc.) but no case of carnivory has yet been proven. The larvae of the Ischiopachini are unknown. The adults of all four tribes (north of Panama) are associated with young shoots of the Leguminosae (particularly the shrubby Mimosaceae), except for Coleothorpa dominicana which has shifted its preference to Rhus and oxicodendron, a race of Coscinoptera aenipennis which feeds on Ephedra, and several species of Saxinis, Coleorozena and Coleothorpa which congregate more-or-less specifically on Eriogonum (Polygonaceae) in the Great Basin region and Pacific Coast of the United States. (Certain Mexican species may also be associated with Quercus.) In extremely arid areas the adults tend to congregate at nectar sources. Once mating has occurred the females leave the site-specific swarms to deposit their eggs one-by-one from various hanging unimpeded vantages (often dead twigs or last year's inflorescences of the Compositae).